Evaluation of tasks conducted at work placement Essay

Evaluation of tasks conducted at work placement - Essay Example Such meetings involved discussions on eating habits, exercise period, etc, which allowed the team to understand the condition of athlete in a better manner. It was an observation that athletes’ flexibility training was another key indicator in allowing the team to keep the athletes away from any injury throughout the season, and more the athletes involved themselves in the training, the more they avoided any muscular fatigue or soreness. In addition, analysis indicated that honesty was one of the major factors that played a vital role in monitoring them and managing the database, and I am glad that the players were very truthful and cooperative in submitting their information on weekly basis. Another important phase of the task was to record the data on weekly basis and monitor the RPE training loads of the athletes. The database required submission of every information regarding the athlete, which would result in their weekly rating after various calculations. Such rating helped the department in preparing rating chart of the whole team for every week, as well as the group average, which enabled us to issue a red flag to players in case of their higher rating on consistent basis. In brief, higher RPE rating of players was an indication of lack of energy, lower performance, chances of any injury, etc. Such monitoring enabled us to keep in contact with the players, and discuss with them any reasons of possible injury. In addition, it allowed the department to collaborate with the medical department to formulate a plan to ensure optimum level of fitness of the players. Moreover, this weekly process included competition of players with each other based on the coach’s ratings where the player with eight would be the lowest scorer, and ‘thirty-two’ would be the best scorer. Subsequently, both coach’s and RPE’s ratings were

The Macro Environment Analysis Economics Essay

The Macro Environment Analysis Economics Essay The macro environment is made up of 6 uncontrollable external factors. These factors influence an organizations decisions, business and financial strategies as well as its overall performance. These factors are : Economic, Demographic, Social Cultural, Natural, Technological, and Political. 3.2 Demographic environment: The demographic factor covers topics such as age, gender, date of birth, average family sizes and so on .Population Growth The United States has experienced a substantial influx of people. Within the last 10 years there has been an increase of over 33 million people, making the U.S. the most heavily populated nation in the world. A steady but constant population growth is expected for the next 50 years. We can expect an increase in the number of American guests at the Marriot Amsterdam. If the marketing strategy is tailored in order to draw more away from Hotels such as the Hilton. The situation in Europe is different than in the USA. The European Union has a total population of almost 500 million inhabitants (27 states of the European Union) whereas Europe has 732 million inhabitants. Within the next 40 years the population is predicted to decrease to approximately 630 million inhabitants in 2050. This can be seen as a threat in the long run because the impact on the industry is that the volume of the market will shrink as the total resident population will shrink.  [i]   3.3Economic Environment Among the importance of people who make up markets is the importance of their purchasing power, level of employment, GDP, and rate of inflation which is determined by the economic environment. Both GDP growth rates increase on a low, but steady level. Due to the recession, it is likely that negative growth rates occur within the next five years for both western economies. Recovery is predicted on a very low level for the year 2012. India in comparison has a quite low GDP at the moment, but is predicted to catch up with big steps of over 100% per decade. With annually GDP growth rates of 6 to 10 percent during the last decade India is one of the world fastest growing economies. The latest recession hardly hit the country but recovery is predicted to take place more rapidly, profoundly and on a far higher level than in western economies. Inflation The inflation is an important indicator for purchasing power in an economy. Symptoms of inflation are increasing prices and therefore consumers decreasing purchasing power.  [ii]   Credit crunch By mid-2008 the financial crisis turned out as a result of the economic turn down, the sub-prime mortgage crisis and the collapse of the housing market.  [iii]   The collapse of the housing market led to a bank collapse resulting in a massive liquidity crisis. This became a worldwide problem: the ongoing credit crunch. Stock markets crashed worldwide. The credit crunch is affecting business as well as consumers.  [iv]   To conclude, this is a threat for any company because consumers are losing their purchasing power in the EU, US, Japan and UK. Besides that, consumers are more careful with their money because they want to save it in case that they will lose their job due to the economic crunch. Saving rate The saving rate reveals insights of the spending patterns of one country inhabitants. This figure shows the personal saving rate of the USA, Canada, UK and Germany. Due to cultural differences the saving rate of Germany and other European countries is traditionally higher than those in Anglo Saxon influenced countries. The more interesting development is the increase of the saving rate in all four countries after the year 2007. This is caused by the credit crunch and the following recession. During times of economic downturn people tend to save money. They are becoming anxious about their jobs and the future. The increase of the saving rate is a potential threat because peoples spending priority lies on essential goods and services rather than on luxury items. The main market would be for business guests and baby boomers who do not mind spending some extra money in order to have the comforts they have become used to. Income level of the target markets Nations vary greatly in level and distribution of income and industrial structure. Our analysis is focusing on industrial economies and their consumers. These economies are seen as rich markets for all sorts of goods and services. Unemployment From 1993 up to 2009 the unemployment rates for as well the EU, UK as for US are increasing and decreasing through the years. Increasing unemployment rates are for each company a threat because when consumers loose their jobs their purchasing power is decreasing.  [v]   The unemployment rate will average 9.2 percent in 2009, 9.6 percent is 2010 in the USA. The forecasting average for 2011 is 8.9 percent and for 2012 8.7 percent is forecast. The rising unemployment rate is a threat for the Hospitality industry in that consumers are more likely to save their money than spend it when unemployed. Even if they want our services they do not have the financial resources available to them. 3.4 Social-Cultural Environment Corporate social responsibility (CSR) was developed as a type of self regulation. Typically integrated directly into the business model of the corporation. The premise is that the corporation that has integrated with CSR will conform to certain pre-determined norms of society when engaging in business. The norms would vary from legal, social, ethical, moral, environmental as well as an increase in concern over the various elements of the public. Elements such as, but not limited to; the community as a whole, customers and employees. Although this moral business concept appears to be sound CSR has come under constant criticism. Many claim the moral aspect of CSR is nothing more than a faà §ade, allowing these companies to, in fact, exploits the situation at hand. The psychological effect of terrorism is also a factor we have to keep in mind. The frequency of travelling is decreased by this occurring factor. 3.5 Natural factors Macro factors are those factors that the company cannot influence itself, but these factors can certainly have a great impact on how the company is will perform. The Marriott hotel in Amsterdam lies in the center of the Netherlands with a sea climate. This means that all year round the weather will be mild with no extreme summer or winters. While these factors might not directly influence the performance of the hotel, others can. When looking at the volcanic eruption, which took place in the midst of April 2010, airlines cancelled all flights and passengers were stranded. While this at first presented a boom in occupancy due to stay-overs, the long run presented problems as many meeting were cancelled. This presented a downfall in revenue; fortunately problems were solved after 2 weeks when the eruption ceased. The hotel can of course never fully predict certain circumstances but after this experience should be prepared for it. Besides weather factors that will put pressure on business, the trend is shifting towards producing eco-sustainable business. Producing and running your business in a nature friendly way. When looking at the hospitality industry we can give examples as not overly washing linen, using soap dispenser, recycled paper/pens, dividing trash, light sensors, special heating systems, laundry detergent. 3.6 Governmental Due to relatively recent events there has been a major force affecting the hospitality industry. Of course due to the shrinking world phenomenon business travel has become more and more of a necessity but recreational travel has dropped substantially. In hospitality, even before the attacks the picture didnt look good. According to Smith Travel Research, U.S. hotel occupancy was 61.9% year-to-date through June 2001, a drop of 2.7% compared to the same period of 2000. RevPARs declined 0.4 % to $58.99. Preliminary figures indicate that occupancy rates and RevPARs were down 2%-4% in August of this year, compared to August of 2000 (Smith Travel Research). Another strong political force which will affect the Marriot is the increasing worldwide attitude towards smoking. Currently, the Netherlands has an approach of only specialised areas or small, private establishments are permitted to allow smoking in their premises. Smoking in public places or train/bus stations is also prohibited. By o ffering a specialised and separate area (the Cigar Bar) there is a greatly increased likelihood of attracting a larger customer base. This is due to catering to a larger customer base demographic. 3.7 Technology Improving productivity is the main goal of technology. Especially for information technology (IT). In studies there is proven that there is a relationship between IT investments and the productivity and performance of the business. Due all the new technology that has appeared over the years. Front office applications, restaurant and banquet management systems, and guest-related interface applications. We assume that these rapid changes in technology will continue. vii 3.8 Conclusion Threats: US dollar exchange rate for Euro will drop by 5% in 2011. 10% increase of energy prices in 2011. Smoking prohibition. Rapid change in technology Opportunity: Small growth in European economy of 1% in 2011. Slow recovery of US economy and rise of GDP of 2% in 2011. Corporate market in Europe will show a growth of 2%-5%. 10% increase of Chinese travelers in 2011. International tourism in the Netherlands will grow 5%. Rapid change in technology Micro Environment 4.1 Market structure Marriott hotel has a monopolistic competition, which means that the company faces a large number of firms each having a small proportion of the market share and slightly differentiated products. The main demand for the Marriott hotel is leisure and business guests. Customers: Segmentation Amsterdam The Netherlands Business transient 53% 36% Leisure individual 22% 37% Tour groups 8% 7% Conference 12% 15% Others (crew) 5% 5% Total 100% 100% Business Transient: Based on the following assumptions and information the Marriott can expect an increase of business transients compared to the previous years. The main points are as follows: 10% growth in 2010 in produced revenue of ASEAN (Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam), India, Turkey and Brazil. UKs GDP economy expects to rise 2.7% and economy is recovering slowly. (http://www.finfacts.ie/irishfinancenews/article_1019481.shtml) American economy expects a rise in GDP of 2% and economy is recovering slowly. European economy will grow in 2011 with 1% The above information shows that the economies in the major segments for the Marriott are increasing. Thus, companies will have to send their employees again on business trips. One downside of this assumption is decrease of the US dollar exchange rate of 5%. Therefore especially the American business guests will be more then price sensitive and expect to have more service included (e.g. internet). However as we are expecting that the British pound is increasing in 2011 we can assume that the British guests (20% of guests staying at the Marriott Amsterdam) will continue to travel. Individual Tourists: Based on the following assumptions and information received the Marriott can expect an increase of Individual Tourists compared to the previous years. The main points are as follows: EU citizen are expected to have a growth of 5% Expected growth of short breaks and weekend trips to cities. As the GDP in the USA and UK are expected to rise, it can be assumed that it will have a positive correlation on the standard of living of citizens of that country. Only the US market will not increase tremendously as the exchange rate for the US dollar will decrease by 5 %. However the British Pound is expected to rise compared to the Euro. Conference Participants: Based on the assumption and information received the Marriott can expect an increase in conference participants compared to the previous year. The main point is as follows: The same reasons as for business transients can be used to explain the increase of conference participants segment. Companies are expected to produce more goods and therefore will attend and conduct again trade show, conferences, meetings etc. Tour Groups / Other Rates: Based on the following assumption and information received the Marriott can expect a decrease in Tour groups and other rates compared to the previous year. The main reason is as follows: As we are expecting a rise in the business transient, leisure guest, conference participants the Marriott will not be able to sell as many rooms through the discounted channels. Therefore the rooms sold to Tour groups will be less. Contract: Based on the following assumptions and information received the Marriott can expect an increase in contract rates compared to the previous year: The main reason is as follows: In year 2010 the produced revenue was far above the expected budget. As Marriott Corporate Office is urging the hotels to put a focus on they contract rates we can expect again an increase in this segment. However Marriott Corporate Office advises the Hotels not to discount the rates less than 25% of the average daily rate (otherwise the head office needs to be contacted for approval). 4.2 Distribution Channels: Business Transient Individual Tourists Conference part. Tour Groups Other Social media 25% 10% 50% 25% 50% Central Reservation System 34% 32% 40% 20% GDS 27% 10% 30% Travel Agent 2% 15% 10% 25% 30% Hotel Website 12% 17% 20% 3rd party websites 16% Social media is a very effective way of distributing, due to the snowball effect. Direct Sales by the hotel are of course also very important. The Central Reservation System of the Marriott is also used to distribute itself so are the Global Distribution System, Travel Agents (via GDS), the Hotel Website and Third Party Websites (Expedia etc) 4.3 Internal financial decisions: Internal financial decisions consist of financial decisions made within the Marriott chain or the Marriott hotel Amsterdam itself, or financial opportunities within the company. The weaknesses and strengths are also a part of this. Marriott International as a stakeholder has more general objectives and goals regarding ecology, human rights, shareholder equity. 4.4 Public: To know what the public or guests thinks of the Marriott hotel, they use: feedback forms, customer reviews. The reach the public we make use of marketing and media campaigns. The presence of Social Media is getting more and more important and is already a successful marketing tool. But only the bad feedback on an online platform like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace etc will have a big influence on customer perception. We assume that our public has a good overall image of the hotel. We do not exclude complains because you cant anticipate on everything. 4.5 Company: FB shall become more coordinated in using international Marriott concepts for outlets. Two concepts will be uniformly implemented in Marriott hotels worldwide: The Midtown Grill and The Cigar Bar, as these concepts are now regarded as a standard feature of our hotels by loyal guests, especially US guests. 4.6 Competitors: After studying and analyzing the Amsterdam Marriotts budget for the first case assignment, in this chapter we will focus on the current and future market situation and developments. No guests no business! Therefore the Marriott hotel has to know its competitors by hard to be a step ahead and make use of its advantages to gain an even bigger share of guests and increase revenue as well as profitability. Competition can be differentiated into four main forms: product form competition product category competition general competition budget competition. In this assignment we will basically focus on product form competition as well as on general competition in terms of f b outlets. In case of the Marriott Hotel this means identifying and analyzing competitors, which offer and deliver the same kind of products and services. Following characteristics were used for the selection process of hotel competitors: shelter dining business facilities high-quality interior luxury ambiance The current product competition consists of following hotels: The Grand Okura Hotel Grand Hotel Amstel The Hilton Amsterdam Eden American Hotel Since the Leidseplein offers more than 120 restaurants in close proximity, it is rather difficult to define and analyze competition. In the case of the Sorels Midtown Grill we chose competing restaurants offering similar cuisine and/or attracting the same customers. Following characteristics are involved for selecting direct restaurant competitors: location cuisine attire/atmosphere opening times The competition consists of following restaurants at the Leidseplein: Cafà © Americain Los Argentinos Barbecue Castell Hard Rock Cafà © Amsterdam Gauchos Amsterdam 4.7 Possible future hotel competitors: Due to a recovering world-economy and forecasted trends about travel behavior/ travel patternsof countries such as the USA, European, BRIC ASEAN countries, overnight stays of business and leisure guests will increase in Amsterdam. As there is still sensitivity regarding price-value ratio, especially in the corporate business, following hotels are possible new competitors in 2011. Hotel Classification Room numbers Location Date Eden Amsterdam Manor Hotel 4**** 100 Linneausstraat 89 1093 EK Amsterdam March 2011 Conservatorium Hotel Amsterdam 5***** 130 Keizersgracht 62-64 1015 CS Amsterdam, spring 2011 Artotel Amsterdam 4**** 105 Close to Centraal Station spring 2011 City Inn 4**** 540 Oosterdoksstraat 4 1011 DJ Amsterdam spring 2011 4.8 Market dynamics: Interaction between hotel and fb regarding demand and supply is efficient. But the changes and the dynamics of the market is beyond control of the hotel. Because the hotel business is not in an free (open) market. 4.9 Conclusion: Threats: Social Media Possible future hotel competitors Midtown Grill as a steak house to specific Opportunities: Commission will be reduced from 3% to 1%. Growth of fixed contracts. Growth of conference and banqueting segment Cigar bar. Occupancy Social Media Growth of business segment Marketing Management 12e page 79

The Old Testament :: Religion Influence Religious Bible Essays

The Old Testament The Old Testament is a compilation, and like every compilation it has a wide variety of contributors who, in turn, have their individual influence upon the final work. It is no surprise, then, that there exist certain parallels between the Enuma Elish, the cosmogony of the Babylonians, and the Book of Genesis, the first part of the Pentateuch section of the Bible. In fact, arguments may be made that other Near Eastern texts, particularly Sumerian, have had their influences in Biblical texts. The extent of this 'borrowing', as it were, is not limited to the Bible; the Enuma Elish has its own roots in Sumerian mythology, predating the Enuma Elish by nearly a thousand years. A superficial examination of this evidence would erroneously lead one to believe that the Bible is somewhat a collection of older mythology re-written specifically for the Semites. In fact, what develops is that the writers have addressed each myth as a separate issue, and what the writers say is that their God sur passes every other. Each myth or text that has a counterpart in the Bible only serves to further an important idea among the Hebrews: there is but one God, and He is omnipotent, omniscient, and other-worldly; He is not of this world, but outside it, apart from it. The idea of a monotheistic religion is first evinced in recorded history with Judaism, and it is vital to see that instead of being an example of plagiarism, the Book of Genesis is a meticulously composed document that will set apart the Hebrew God from the others before, and after. To get a clear picture of the way the Book of Genesis may have been formed (because we can only guess with some degree of certainty), we must place in somewhere in time, and then define the cultures in that time. The influences, possible and probable, must be illustrated, and then we may draw our conclusions. If we trace back to the first appearance of the Bible in written form, in its earliest translation, we arrive at 444 B.C.. Two texts, components of the Pentateuch referred to as 'J' and 'E' texts, can be traced to around 650 B.C. Note that 'J' refers to Yahweh (YHVH) texts, characterized by the use of the word 'Yahweh' or 'Lord' in accounts; 'E' refers to Elohist texts, which use, naturally, 'Elohim' in its references to God.1 But 650 B.

Burlesque

To what extent did burlesque impact the development of the 20th American musicals? Burlesque shows had a big influence on the development of 20th century musicals in many ways. One of the ways it did this was changing the role that woman had within musicals. This is a result of the woman's rights movement In America. It is backed up in a Robert G Allen quote where he says â€Å"burlesque's principal legacy as a cultural form was its establishment of patterns of gender representation that forever changed the role of the woman on the American stage†.Previous of burlesque shows, It was less acceptable for woman to show much of their skin/boodles, they were often seen as Innocent and delicate so wore long dresses to cover themselves. However burlesque brought light on to the sexiness of woman without It being too distasteful; they did this by putting the woman In less clothing or more see through clothing such as tights, as a way of teasing the audience.Burlesque also helped women to gain more control In other ways as most of the burlesque troupes were managed by males therefore they would be making the decisions, however In the sass males began to take control and wanted burlesque dancers to show as much skin as possible without actually striping. Woman taking control is demonstrated in the late sass's when Lydia Thompson burlesque troupe became one of New Work's biggest theatrical sensations. Their first hit was named Zion in 1868 where they included travesty; woman playing men's roles in tights.Due to such high demands for tickets to this show it then moved to Broadway. Thompson didn't hire any composers for the how she simply used songs that were relevant and popular at the time, which was a big influence to American musicals as it happened frequently in 20th century musicals. It is also arguable that burlesque impacted the development of the 20th century American musicals as it wasn't Just a dance routine showing off women's bodies, it also involved ele ments of comedy and music which is a big element of book musicals in 20th century America.Burlesque infuses these elements by using things such as travesty and they also use their shows to mock the upper class as their main audiences were lower and middle class. The comedy within the shows also helped society to become more acceptable with the fact that the woman had less clothes on as usual which was frequent in many American musicals in the 20th century. It Is also said that burlesque had a big influence on creating book musicals as they also combined the 3 elements of dance, music and drama. One of the first book musicals being the black crook, involved burlesque style dances. Burlesque By Chloe had within musicals.This is a result of the woman's rights movement in America. It is t was less acceptable for woman to show much of their skin/bodies, they were often seen as innocent and delicate so wore long dresses to cover themselves. However burlesque brought light on to the sexine ss of woman without it being too distasteful; they did this by putting the woman in less clothing or more see through clothing gain more control in other ways as most of the burlesque troupes were managed by females therefore they would be making the decisions, however in the sass's males as usual which was frequent in many American musicals in the 20th century. It is

Relationship Between Savings and Investment in the Nigerian Economy

Introduction Interests in the study of economic growth and development have been on the increase especially since the middle of the present century. Economic growth results in the expansion of a country’s production possibility curve such that the potential output of the country is increased beyond the previous levels. Thus growth is often defined in terms of a sustained increase in the real per capita income of a country.Simon Kuznets in (Todaro, 1885), defined a country’s economic growth as â€Å"a long term rise in the capacity to supply increasingly diverse economic goods to its population, this growing capacity based on advanced technology and the institutional and ideological adjustments that it demands†. Growth is therefore measurable and objective. It describes expansion in capital, in the labour force, in output, income, consumption e. t. c.It should be noted that economic growth is sometimes used interchangeably with economic development. A distinction of the two was however made by (Jhingan, 1976) where he defined economic development as the ‘non-quantifiable measure of the growing economy† i. e. the economic, social and other changes that lead to growth such as changes in techniques of production, social attitudes and institutions e. t. c. No matter the distinction what is important in the words of (Iyoha, 1996) is that there is no development without growth.One point that must be mentioned however is that in practice, economic growth is used to describe the process of growth in advanced industrialized countries while economic development is used to describe the dynamics of growth in low income non-industrialized countries. This position is buttressed by (Romer, 2001), where he posited that over the past few centuries, standard of living in industrialized countries has reached levels almost unimaginable to their ancestors.He affirmed that although comparisons are difficult, the best available evidence suggests that a verage real income today in the United States and Western Europe are between 10 and 30 times larger than a century ago, and between 50 and 300 times larger than two centuries ago. Following from the above, Kuznets identified six characteristics of modern economic growth. These are:  ¦ High rate of growth of per capita output and population.  ¦ High rate of increase in total factor productivity, especially labour. High rate of structural transformation of the economy.  ¦ High rate of social and ideological transformation.  ¦ Outward expansion of the developed economies i. e. the ability to reach out to the rest of the world for raw materials and markets.  ¦ The international flow of men, goods and capita. It then follows that for all these to be achieved especially for a developing economy like Nigeria some economic variables within the context of the features of the Nigerian economy must be marked upon to achieve these status mentioned above.Statement of research problem S o many blurred visions about the projection of Nigerian economy have been seen by the operators of the Nigerian economy. In the days of Abacha administration between 1993 and 1997, it was vision 2010 as led by former Head of State, Ernest Shonekan. 2010 is around the corner and nothing seems to have changed the last 15years. Another journey is being embarked upon by Yaradua and his economic team. The mission of making Nigeria one of the biggest 20 economies in the world by 2020, vision 2020-20.Whether this is achievable or not is best left for debate for scholars of economics. But if one must follow the position of Robert Solow (1956), the Ramsey-Cass-Koopman model (1928, 1965, 1965) and the Diamond model (1965), achieving the above is a function of thorough understanding of production function of a given economy. Nigeria like most countries is blessed with abundant human and natural resources, yet the economy is still groping with problems.Evidence is palpable that apart from incom e from sales of crude oil, the nation is close to zero in terms of technological advancement. The reason for this is no other than that the much needed investment to motivate technological advancement and industrialization is not forthcoming. The position of the government immediately after independence to embark upon import substitution as an industrialization strategy did not equally help matter.If investment is a catalyst for industrialization and hence economic growth, investment is made possible by another catalyst in savings. Over the years, there has not been any synergy between savings and investment in Nigeria. This problem is because of little emphasis partakers in the running of the economy are giving financial intermediation. It is in a country like Nigeria where the borrowers reign supreme at the expense of the lender.The deposit rates to the supplier of funds from the surplus units are not only meager but pittance, while the lending rates collected from the users of fu nd in the deficit unit is astronomical. So it is the issue of cutting the depositors with knife’s edge while cutting the borrower with razor’s edge. Savings is not encouraged while investment is discouraged. Economic activities slowed down, productivity neglected while economic growth in the real sense of it is stagnant.

Penetrating and Blunt Abdominal Trauma Essays

Penetrating and Blunt Abdominal Trauma Essays Penetrating and Blunt Abdominal Trauma Essay Penetrating and Blunt Abdominal Trauma Essay Introduction ‘Penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma’ is an article published in Critical Care Nursing Quarterly in the January to March, 2005 issue, written by Kristine L. Eckert. In this article, Kristine Eckert provides an overview of abdominal trauma related to penetrating and blunt mechanisms of injury. There are different case studies provided to illustrate interventions and treatments of different types of trauma. This article also provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the different organ systems, with complications being briefly discussed. Summary of Article The abdomen is divided anatomically into the peritoneal space, the retroperitoneal space, and the pelvis. There are both solid and hollow organs in these areas. Trauma to any of these areas in the abdomen can lead to complications including hemorrhage, shock, peritonitis, and sepsis. †Before considering a bowel injury, the patient’s respiratory, hemodynamic, and neurologic status should be evaluated because of a much greater immediate threat to life from these systems rather than a delay in bowel injury† (Eckert, 2005, p. 0). The differences between penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma and their threat to life are further illustrated in the four case studies discussed in this article. The first two case studies considered penetrating abdominal traumas. In the first case study, a male patient sustains gunshot wounds to his chest, back, and leg. With the gunshot wound, he suffers hemothorax, injuries to his lungs, bilateral kidney, diaphragm, liv er and small bowel, laceration of spleen, and tear to the distal end of his esophagus. The second case involves a male victim of a drive-by shooting with two gunshots wound to the right buttock and left lateral thigh. This type of gunshot wound is considered of the transabdominal nature, and the patient is a candidate for immediate surgery; computed tomography (CT) scanning was not completed prior to entry to the Operating Room (OR). With these gunshot wounds, he suffers bladder lacerations, perforation, retroperitoneal hematoma in the right pelvic area, and a gunshot wound to his thigh, which left him with a femur fracture. It is important to keep in mind that the external appearance of the wound does not determine the extent of internal injury. By just looking at the external location of a gunshot wound, certain organs or cavities may appear not to be involved. However, the trajectory of the bullet plays an important role in the extent of internal injury. The trajectory of the bullet depends on the caliber of the bullet, along with the angle and distance from which the gun was fired. The bullet can change its path and refract off of bony surfaces. Therefore, the assessment should include distinguishing the entrance and exit wounds and their locations, to assist in determining the trajectory of the bullet and what organs may be involved. It is necessary to have an exploratory laparotomy surgery for most gunshot wounds to the abdomen for damage control, even though the wound may appear to be superficial. The principles of damage control surgery are to: control hemorrhage, prevent contamination from the bowel, and to avoid further injury. In conjunction with clinical findings and patient symptoms, CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with contrast, most commonly diagnose spleen and liver injuries. CT scan is the most sensitive diagnostic tool for most abdominal trauma injuries. A FAST scan is an inexpensive and rapid, noninvasive ultrasound that can be performed at the bedside to quickly evaluate intras of blunt abdominal traumas are presented in the last two case studies. In the third case study, a restrained elderly female driver was involved in a motor vehicle crash without airbag deployment. The female patient presents with unilateral weakness and complaints of chest pain. She has no visible trauma but her CT scan revealed liver laceration, multiple right rib fractures, and a grade I pancreatic contusion. Later, diagnosis includes right calcaneus fracture and a right proximal ulnar process fracture. The last case study is of a young female teenage passenger involved in a motor vehicle collision. Her main complaint is primarily abdominal pain. Assessment reveals an abrasion across the lower abdomen from iliac crest to iliac crest with mild tenderness to palpation. Initial complete blood count is normal. However, within three hours, her white count doubled, showing signs and symptoms of peritonitis. During surgery, a small bowel and a large bowel laceration, and a minor spleen laceration were noted. Undetected abdominal trauma can rapidly lead to death due to hemorrhage, shock, and sepsis. Common injuries due to blunt abdominal trauma can include: tears to the liver, rupture spleen, pancreatic tear, duodenum rupture, and kidney injuries. Evaluation of Article This is an interesting article, presenting an overview of both penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma. After reading this article, a deeper insight into understanding of both penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma is developed. The case studies are written in such a way to provide a step-by-step occurrence to the scenarios, making one feel part of the experience. The case studies help by providing a clearer picture and understanding of how each different injury led to a different outcome. This writer especially likes the breakdown of different organs and systems, and the significance they presented to each injury. The journal author provides a review of the systems, which was refreshing to one’s memory while reading about each organ and system, thus lending to the article being easily read. The injury grading scales of organs, such as the: liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas, were clearly graded. This breakdown helps one develop a better understanding of the different injury levels. The abdominal assessment signs are an interesting tool to have, although they are not conclusive in diagnosis. This writer does not personally work with trauma patients. However, this valuable knowledge can come in handy when exposed to the chance to work with trauma patients. It helps by looking at gunshot injuries and motor vehicle accident injuries from a different perspective. One must look at a bigger picture and use critical thinking skills, as with all other injuries. However, it is interesting to know that in both penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma that the genitourinary system has the most common injuries. This article also includes an assessment of trauma patients with: observation, auscultation, perineum, rectal, and vaginal examinations. This assessment is clearly outlined, and easily followed. The knowledge from this article can be relevant to both nurses and practitioners because it provides a clear outline of the assessment process. The only section found to be slightly irrelevant is the detail about the surgical procedure in the first case study. However, it is not redundant. Actually, the information regarding the surgical procedure is found to be interesting, as it allows one to know the detail of the procedure so that the whole process can be understood. Conclusion This article provides a practical overview of abdominal trauma, with incidence of abdominal injuries being discussed and illustrated through case studies. Significant complications of intestinal injury include wound dehiscence, wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, short bowel syndrome, and intestinal obstruction. The treatments and interventions discussed are applicable to nursing assessment, clinical practice, and prevent of complications. In addition to the anatomy and physiology of the different organ systems overviewed, the complications are discussed, and the differences between solid and hollow organs are reviewed, all valuable knowledge to develop. Reference Eckert, K. L. (2005). Penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 28(1), 41-59.

Steroids in Baseball - WriteWork

Steroids in Baseball - WriteWork Something that has a dominate force in American and International sports for the past 10 years has been one thing, Steroids. Steroids are in the news now more than ever due to one man, Barry Bonds. Barry is now 9 home runs away from tieing The Babe for second on the all time list to only Hank Aaron. All of the major sports have implemented stricter drug testing programs in hopes of slowing down the use of steroids. However, these drug tests are out dated and do not test for every kind of steroid or HGH (Human Growth Hormone). These tests are more expensive and require a blood sample instead of urin. Steroids are destroying sports as we know it, there is wide spread doubt in major league baseball if a player has a breakout year or is now not as great a player as they were a few years ago.English: Barry Bonds in actionSteroids are chemicals that act like hormones. Anabolic steroids are the ones that are abused to build muscle mass or to make your workout longer and recovery time less. They are chemicals of artificial testosterone, which is a male hormone. With higher testosterone you can have more physique, less body hair, and a deeper voice. Why take steroids if you already know that it is not good for you? Most of the steroid users are injecting for better performance and strength for their sports, but, other users are simply juicing to build more muscle mass or to look better, physically. This reminds us of another LEGAL drug, ciggerettes.Inside their bodies they are actually ruining themselves. Taking steroids is a big threat to your health. You could have severe acne, genital changes, water retention, and yellowing eyes and skin. Its not only your appearance that could be at...

What’s a Good ACT Score for 2018

What’s a Good ACT Score for 2018 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Planning to take the ACT in the 2017-18 school year? In addition to studying for the test, you'll need to know what score to aim for. What is a good ACT score for 2018? What's a good score for each section? Has the definition of a good ACT score changed over time? We’ll start by looking at what are considered good ACT scores for 2018 using the average score and percentiles. After, we'll go over how to set an ACT goal score and then examine historical ACT score data to see whether the definition of good ACT scores has changed in recent years. What Is a Good ACT Score for 2018 Overall? First off, what is a good ACT score for 2018, broadly speaking? We can answer this question by looking at the average ACT score for 2018and the national ACT score percentilesfor 2018.Both averages and percentiles can be used to see how your ACT score stacks up against those of other test takers. This data is important to know since colleges regularly compare applicants' test scores during the admissions process. So what are percentiles exactly? In short, percentiles tell you what percentage of test takers you scored higher than, either on the test as a whole or a particular section. Thus, the higher your ACT percentile is, the better your ACT performance will be (compared with other test takers). But before we can answer the question, "What is a good ACT score for 2018?" we need to review how the ACT scoring system actually works. The ACT uses a scoring scale of 1-36, both overall and for each of its four sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science. (There’s also an optional Writing section, whose score- which uses a scale of 2-12- doesnot factor into your composite ACT score.) Now, let’s look at some data: according to ACT, Inc., the average ACT score for 2018 is 20.9.In general, any score above average can be considered "good," any score below average can be considered "poor," and any score at or right around average can be considered "OK." The higher your score is above the average, the better your score (and the higher your percentile) will be. Similarly, the lower your score is below the average, the worse your score will look to schools. Here are the ACT score percentiles for 2018 and what they say about your performance: Percentile* English Math Reading Science Composite 90th (excellent) 29-30 28 31 27-28 28 75th (good) 24 24 25 24 24 50th (OK) 20 19 20 20 20 25th (poor) 14-15 16 16 16-17 16 10th (very poor) 11 14 13 13 13 Source: ACT.org *For percentiles not reported in official data, estimated ACT scores/ranges have been given. In this chart, we can see that to get a good ACT score for 2018, you’ll typically need to aim for at least the 75th percentile, or 24-25, on each section. If you’re aiming for a particularly high ACT score in the top 10 percent, you’ll have to get at least 28-30 on each section (coming out to a composite score of 28).Interestingly, this total score is a whole 8 points below 36, a perfect ACT score. In other words, to get an excellent ACT score, you don’t even need to break 30! On the opposite side are the poor scores, which are anything (significantly) below average.For example, a 10th percentile ACT composite score is 13, meaning that any score in the range of 1-13 is a pretty low score. Therefore, you’ll definitely want to do better than this on the test before you send ACT scores to schools. But what does all of this data mean for you specifically? Keep reading to learn how you can use this information to set a personal ACT goal score for 2018. What Is a Good 2018 ACT Score for You? While all of these 2018 ACT score percentiles and averages are helpful to know, they don’t tell you what a good ACT score for you is in particular. Ultimately, what's more important than hitting a certain percentile is getting an ACT score that's high enough to get you accepted to your chosen schools. This â€Å"goal† score can vary depending on the schools you’re applying to.For example, for someone applying to Caltech, a good ACT score would be something close to a perfect 36. However, for someone applying to Mississippi State, a good ACT score would be a lot lower, around 27. As you can see, your ACT goal score isn't always going to be the same as someone else’s- this is OK! Not everyone applies to the same schools, so there’s really no point in comparing your goal score with those of your friends or classmates. All you need to know is that this score is your ideal score. If you can hit it, you significantly raise your chances of getting accepted to your top schools.But how do you find your ACT goal score? How to Set an ACT Goal Score for 2018 Setting an ACT goal score is a pretty simple process. Follow the three steps below to get started! Step 1: Make a Chart A chart helps you easily visualize what kinds of ACT scores your schools look for in applicants. Write the names of the schools you’re applying to in the leftmost column. Then, write the headings â€Å"25th Percentile ACT Score† and â€Å"75th Percentile ACT Score† horizontally across the top. (We'll explain more about what these headings mean in the next step.) Here's an example for reference: School 25th Percentile ACT Score 75th Percentile ACT Score Northeastern Boston College NYU Brandeis Brandeis University (John Phelan/Wikimedia) Step 2: Find ACT Score Info for Your Schools Now, it’s time to start filling out your chart. The easiest way to find ACT score info for your schools is to search â€Å"[School Name] PrepScholar† on Google. Click the link to your school’s â€Å"Admission Requirements† page in our database. Once on this page, scroll down until you get to your school's ACT score info. Here’s an example of an Admission Requirements page for Northeastern University: In the ACT score info section, look for the 25th and 75th percentile ACT scores for your school. These are located directly under the "school competitiveness" graphic. In the screenshot above, you can see that Northeastern's 25th and 75th percentile scores are 31 and 34, respectively. But why these percentiles? What do they mean? The 25th and 75th percentiles for a school are the middle 50 percent, or average range, of ACT scores for admitted applicants.These percentiles tell you precisely what kinds of scores successful students have had when applying to your school. If you can’t find your school in our database, search online for â€Å"[School Name] 25th 75th percentile ACT† or â€Å"[School Name] average ACT score.† Try to look for links to your school’s official website so you can verify that the info you find is accurate. Let’s take a look at our sample chart again, now with each school's ACT scores filled out: School 25th Percentile ACT Score 75th Percentile ACT Score Northeastern 31 34 Boston College 30 33 NYU 28 32 Brandeis 29 33 Step 3: Find Your Goal Score Now that you’ve got all of the info you need, it’s time to use your chart to find your ACT goal score. Look for the highest 75th percentile score in your chart. In our example, the highest score is 34 (for Northeastern). This score will be your goal score, as it’s the one most likely to get you accepted to all of the schools in your chart. Since your composite ACT score is the average of your four section scores, you can use your goal score to estimate what score to aim for on each section.For example, if your goal score is 28, you'll know to roughly aim for 28 on the four sections, too (so that the average of them, or your composite score, comes out to 28). That being said, if you're stronger at certain sections or topics, you might want to aim for higher scores on those sections and lower scores on the others. For instance, if your goal score is 30 and you're really good at math but not so great at reading, you could aim forsomething like 32 on Math and 28 on Reading (instead of 30 on both sections). In this case, you'll still be able to hit your goal score- you're just using a different combination of section scores to get there. How Have Good ACT Scores Changed Over Time? We now know what a good ACT score for 2018 is, both overall and for you specifically. But how has the definition of a good ACT score changed over the years? Has it changed dramatically, or has it generally stayed the same? To answer these questions, let’s look at some data. The following table shows the average ACT scores for the past decade: Average ACT Scores 2007-2017 Year English Math Reading Science Composite 2007 20.7 21.0 21.5 21.0 21.2 2008 20.6 21.0 21.4 20.8 21.1 2009 20.6 21.0 21.4 20.9 21.1 2010 20.5 21.0 21.3 20.9 21.0 2011 20.6 21.1 21.3 20.9 21.1 2012 20.5 21.1 21.3 20.9 21.1 2013 20.2 20.9 21.1 20.7 20.9 2014 20.3 20.9 21.3 20.8 21.0 2015 20.4 20.8 21.4 20.9 21.0 2016 20.1 20.6 21.3 20.8 20.8 2017 20.3 20.7 21.4 21.0 21.0 Sources: ACT 2017 National Profile Report, ACT 2012 National Profile Report, ACT 2011 National Profile Report As this chart indicates, average ACT scores clearly haven’t shifted much over time. The biggest change in points in any column is just 0.6 points, which isn’t a huge difference in the grand scheme of ACT scoring.Thus, we can say that ACT averages have stayed fairly consistent over time and are likely to continue to do so based on these trends. What about percentiles, though? Above, we used percentiles to show what good, OK, and poor ACT scores look like. But have the scores associated with these percentiles changed over time? Below are ACT composite scores and their corresponding 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles for the past decade: ACT Score Percentiles 2007-2017 Year 75th Percentile 50th Percentile 25th Percentile 2007 25 21 17 2008 25 21 17 2009 25 21 17 2010 25 21 17 2011 25 21 17 2012 25 21 17 2013 25 21 17 2014 25 21 17 2015 25 21 17 2016 25 20 16 2017 25 20 17 Like the first chart, we can see that changes over the years are extremely minimal. The 75th percentile score stays at 25 the entire decade, while the 50th and 25th percentile scores exhibit only a nominal change of 1 point starting in 2016. It's safe to say, then, that the definition of a â€Å"good† (or an â€Å"OK† or â€Å"poor†) ACT score has stayed relatively stable over the past decade. The fact that ACT scores and their percentiles don't change much is helpful to know if you want to compare a more recent ACT score with an older one. For example, if you wanted to compare your 2017 ACT score with your older sister’s 2012 ACT score, you can easily do this using percentiles- without having to takeinto account test years or dates. Recap: So What’s a Good ACT Score for 2018? There are a couple of ways to determine what good ACT scores for 2018 are. One way is to look at averages and percentiles. According to the most recent data, the average composite ACT score is 20.9. In general, any score at or around average is OK, any score higher than average(75th percentile)is good, and any score lower than average(25th percentile) is poor. Because the definition of a good ACT score hasn’t changed much in the past decade, you can easily compare scores across the years without having to adjust for test dates or testing years. In the end, though, a good 2018 ACT score for you depends not on averages or percentiles but on the schools you wish to attend. This ideal score is your ACT goal score, and it’s the one most likely to get you into all of the schools you’re applying to.Hit this score and you'll give yourself your best chance at getting into the college of your dreams! What’s Next? Still got questions about what constitutes a good ACT score? Check out our in-depth guide to good, excellent, and poor ACT scores. Need help getting started on your ACT prep? Follow our guide to developing a foolproof ACT study plan, and get expert tips on the best ACT test dates. Looking for ACT tips to improve your score and help you hit your goal?Our guide offers a compilation of the best ACT tricks and advice out there! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

John Dewey Significane to Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Dewey Significane to Education - Essay Example Adhering to the belief that education should be practical and relevant to the needs of society, Dewey argued for the reformation of the educational system. In Experience and Education, Dewey (1925) stated that in many cases, schooling stands in the way of learning. In order to make intellectual progress, he noted, "we mostly have to unlearn what we learned in school" (p. 7). As revolutionary as they were several decades ago, Dewey's philosophical theories in the field of education have stood the test of time and have tremendous relevance to education in the 21st century. Dewey's theory of experiential learning focused on learning within a social environment (Semel & Sadovnik, 1999). He asserted that knowledge was based on prior experiences and constructed in social settings. He argued that knowledge needs to be organized in real-life experiences that provide a context for the information being presented. The role of teachers is to help students organize content and facilitate real-life experiences to reinforce the information included in the lessons. Dewey suggested that experiences in education should reflect the capabilities and readiness of the learner, and the quality of the experience is a critical component of his theory on experience and education. If the experience is appropriate, learners can develop the knowledge needed to apply their experiences to other situations. As a result, they have created new knowledge, have advanced to a different level of readiness, and are prepared to acquire and construct additional knowledge. Dewey was frustrated when philosophers did not view education with sufficient seriousness. He maintained that learning by participation in the ways of their communities, allowed children to achieve and grow cognitively and become productive adults. Rather than teaching isolated bits of information in a given lesson, Dewey perceived education as an interactive process with schools providing opportunities for students to engage in activities that require the exercise of a complete set of reflective thoughts and experiences (Tanner, 1997). This is quite a contrast from the traditional model of the classroom where the teacher transmits the knowledge to the students and the students are passive recipients of knowledge. At the present moment, as schools face challenges in providing students with adequate education to become productive citizens in a global economy, stakeholders in education are searching for ways to provide effective educational experiences for the students (Davis, 2005). Everyone is looking for results. With the government requiring greater accountability and academic outcomes from students through the enactment of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 educators must assume accountability for the intellectual development of their students. This has once again focused the teaching profession on creating classroom experiences for students that produce more lasting learning. As a result, many educators are beginning to revisit Dewey's educational philosophies and theories (Semel & Sandovik, 1999). They recognize that education that builds on the prior experiences of children contributes to development of new knowledge. This use of experiential education also can help children become act ive learners who take more responsibility for their academic outcomes. Thus, Dewey believed that building on prior experience as an instructional strategy should be primary in all educational

Materials and Surface Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Materials and Surface Engineering - Essay Example Therefore, the mating surfaces should be accessible so that the lubricant can be applied at regular intervals. However, in many cases, the mating surfaces may be in radioactive or toxic zone or may be inaccessible due to design considerations. In such cases on cannot depend on liquid lubricants. At high load and low speed the liquid lubricant film is not thick enough to ensure effective separation of the mating surfaces and therefore, frictional force and wear loss increases. Therefore, one cannot rely on liquid lubricants under such operating conditions. Liquid lubricants are not good for high temperature applications as viscosity decreases with increasing temperature and vapors may also be produced at higher temperature. Therefore, liquid lubricants are not suitable for application at higher temperatures. Liquid lubricants are not clean in itself in the sense that it gets spread on the workplace and also dirt and dust gets adhered to it deteriorating the cleanliness of the workplace further. Therefore, liquid lubricants are not preferred for clean applications. Q6. A steel ball of elastic modulus E1 and Poisson’s ratio ï  ®1 (figure, below) is pressing with load P onto a flat metallic surface of aluminum plate having elastic modulus E2 and Poisson’s ratio ï  ®2 and hardness H. (d) This equation gives a much larger value for the volume of wear than what is experimentally observed or what is observed in real life. The difference is very high and is 4 to 7 order of magnitude higher than that observed in the experiments. This is because not all but only a very small fraction of the asperity contacts result in wear of the material and therefore, in stead of the equality sign in the Archard’s wear equation, there should be a proportionality sign. When this is done a constant is introduced in the equation whose value is determined experimentally. Thus the revised equation

Strategic Management and Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic Management and Leadership - Assignment Example Its main competitors include Kmart, Targets, and Canada’s The Real Canadian Superstore (Wal-Mart stores Inc. 2014). If we talk about the rationale for growth and the success of the Wall Mart stores then there are many of the indicators which show the real success story of the company. The Wall Mart managers took many of the decisions which are the real cause behind their success and the growing development. These strategies may include the reduction in the intermediaries in its supply chain the direct relationships with the customers can increase the likelihood of development and success. Another strategy is the use of modern technology in its operations and processes, therefore almost every single operation at Wall Mart is now computerized and technology based and thus we can say that this involvement of technology is actually meant for the reduction in costs and also for time saving (Hoskisson, 2014). According to the recent research studies, there are almost 245 million customers who regularly visit Wall Mart stores in nearly 27 countries globally. The annual sales for the last year were appro ximately 473 billion dollars. This number of sales is a sign of popularity and the successful operations of the Wall Mart. Wall Mart is covering at least 25 % market share of the target market as compare to the other competitive stores (Wall Mart Stores Inc. 2014). Conversely, all other operations of the company have been attributed to good management that has put it at the top. Understanding customer needs helps in developing organizational culture that enable organizations develop and maintain competitive advantage (Hoskisson, 2014). Thus, various aspects of management have been documented to contribute to the success of a company. One of the most important reasons behind the success of the Wall Mart is the efficient cost management which helps to support the large network of Wall Mart Stores. Business expansion strategy is another

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) - Essay Example According to studies, the price of RFID will approach $0.05-0.10 if purchased in bulk. When this trend continues, it would not be long before the market will lean towards the RFID due to cost-effectiveness, thus, possibly defeating the role of barcodes that are widely used for commercial purposes with about 5 billion worldwide occurrences daily. One of the organisations that are working to regularise RFID is the EPCGlobal Inc., which is a cooperative effort between UCC and EAN. These are the two parties responsible for the application of barcodes in the U.S. and Europe market (RSA Security, 2004b). Through the advantages brought about by the RFID, problems in the privacy of consumers are raised by certain groups. Concerns on the possibility of detecting the possessions of the consumers without their knowledge are the main objective of these groups. If access of being able to detect and read the RFID were given to the wrong hands, possibility such as robbery and other crimes is at hand. Also, the business groups perceive the possibility of RFID being a tool for company surveillance. As a possible answer to the security issues, RSA Security provides ways to validate RFID readers and to be able to make protected internal transactions (RSA Security, 2004a). The Radio-F... Upon activation from the reading device, the RFID tag sends a signal which can be translated as a distinct number that can identify the particular item. In this effect, the RFID tag does not require a power source because it can be considered as inert and works only when stimulated. There are already practical uses of this technology. One application is for proximity cards that are used more conveniently than metal keys. Other examples include payment devices such as Speedpass, E-Z Pass and FasTrak. Another advantage is for identification of lost pets wherein RFID tags implanted through surgical procedure can be scanned to be able to determine the owner even if other sorts of identification are lost (RSA Security, 2004b). Basic System Schematic Source: RF-ID.com Important technologies led to the development of the RFID. One invention that can be related to the evolution of this technology is the apparatus for the Soviet government with the main purpose of surveillance made by Lon Theremin in 1945. It works through a process similar to the RFID wherein activation was possible through the intercepted radio waves and audio information. According to references, technology applied in the RFID was present in the 1920s although it was also stated that such application was just discovered in the 1960s (AIM, n.d). Another technology that may have an influence in the RFID development was the IFF transponder in 1939 that belongs to the British and was used during the World War II. Using this technology, they were able to determine whether airplanes are enemies and which are allies. In the study of RFID, one of the earliest people who made interest on the technology is Harry Stockman in his work "Communication by Means of Reflected

Fear Crime Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fear Crime Report - Essay Example This report is to summarizes the findings of the survey carried out and give a general outcome of the findings (Chatterton and Hollands, 2002). Table one Table one shows a survey taken in Kingston, considering various attributes like the age group, gender, disability, ethnicity of a person, focusing on the minority ethnics. It also targeted those who were residents in RBK, adults, in full time education, how they travel to town, the purpose of visit and if they were aware that there was the presence of CCTV in the areas (Gant, 2010). There have been public concerns about the safety of the public because, despite the good record of low crime, there have been exceptional cases of crimes occurring at the town. The table gives statistics of the research from the year 2007 to 2012. It is evident that the number of people willing to participate in the survey increases every time. The highest recorded number of people in the survey hit a record of 1136, in the year 2010 (Table 1). These peo ple are then divided in age groups of under twenty five years, between twenty five and thirty nine years, between forty and fifty nine years, and finally sixty years and over. According to the statistics, those who were under twenty five years among all the age groups, were the ones with the highest number of fear of crime, whereas those who were at the age of sixty years and over, had the least fear of crime in the town. This explains that it is the young ones who have a lot of time in their hands and commit these crimes. Most criminals fall in the age gap of below twenty five. When assessing between the male and female? In all the years, the female is more afraid of crime in the town than their male counterparts. However, these statistics have dropped from a high of 59, to a low of 50.8 in the year 2011. This is encouraging because it shows that the fear of crime has reduced, and this could be attributed to the facts that criminal offences have reduced, and the public safety is en sured. For those who are in full time education, in the town, the story is different because the fear tends to escalate drastically. Another record worth taking note of is the means that people use to travel to the city center. Those who travel by motor cycle are the least fearful of the group, but statistics still shows that the fear of crime has increased, although it is still lower than other means of transport (Oc and Tiesdell, 2001). Those who travel by means of vehicles, that is by bus or personal cars. This shows that these people experience a high rate of crime, therefore they fear for their property and lives. Those who go to school at the city center have the most fear of crime. This was equated to crimes committed in school like bullying, being beaten up and harassment from their fellow students. An exceptionally large number of people are aware of the availability of CCTV in public areas within the town. This gives them the sense of security, since they believe that ther e safety is assured and do not have to fear. It was also reported that some of the crimes committed include vandalism, graffiti, antisocial behavior. Table 2 Table two shows the reported experience of victimization in percentage, in the years 2007 to 2012. The levels of personal victimization are reviewed in the table, and from

Exchange Rate Regime - Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exchange Rate Regime - Korea - Essay Example On May 3, 1964, there was abolition of the official rate of Korean currency whose official rate was Won (W) 130.00 per U.S. dollar with an establishment of a unitary floating system was established on a basic rate of around W 255.00 per US dollar. There was also introduction of foreign exchange certificates that were issued by the Bank of Korea against foreign currencies that could be sold in a free market. In November 1964, there was extension in the foreign exchange certificate system for covering practically foreign exchange dealings. With the establishment of fluctuating certificate rate system in the year 1971, there has been dynamic depreciation in the Korean currency. With the devaluation in US dollar there has been reduction in the gold content of Korean currency by a percentage of 7.89%. In the month of February, the currency of Korea established link with the U.S. dollar was being controlled and there was establishment of a floating exchange rate regime ( a regime where the exchange rate is freely determined by the foreign exchange market). Running a single currency peg against the US dollar there was introduction of multiple currency basket peg in Korea in 1980.The effective rate was associated with SDR (special drawing rights) along with the combination with basket of the currencies of the major trading partners of South Korea and they are namely USA, Japan, Germany and Canada. From the year 1989, the exchange rate of Korea was being allowed to fluctuate within a percentage range against the basic rate. In the month of March 1990, there was replacement of effective rate by a market average rate (MAR). There was a managed floating exchange rate regime with determination of market forces in the interbank market and the Seoul Foreign Exchange Market. Under the system of MAR, there were fluctuations in currency of Korea being restricted within a narrow band.

Fear Crime Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fear Crime Report - Essay Example This report is to summarizes the findings of the survey carried out and give a general outcome of the findings (Chatterton and Hollands, 2002). Table one Table one shows a survey taken in Kingston, considering various attributes like the age group, gender, disability, ethnicity of a person, focusing on the minority ethnics. It also targeted those who were residents in RBK, adults, in full time education, how they travel to town, the purpose of visit and if they were aware that there was the presence of CCTV in the areas (Gant, 2010). There have been public concerns about the safety of the public because, despite the good record of low crime, there have been exceptional cases of crimes occurring at the town. The table gives statistics of the research from the year 2007 to 2012. It is evident that the number of people willing to participate in the survey increases every time. The highest recorded number of people in the survey hit a record of 1136, in the year 2010 (Table 1). These peo ple are then divided in age groups of under twenty five years, between twenty five and thirty nine years, between forty and fifty nine years, and finally sixty years and over. According to the statistics, those who were under twenty five years among all the age groups, were the ones with the highest number of fear of crime, whereas those who were at the age of sixty years and over, had the least fear of crime in the town. This explains that it is the young ones who have a lot of time in their hands and commit these crimes. Most criminals fall in the age gap of below twenty five. When assessing between the male and female? In all the years, the female is more afraid of crime in the town than their male counterparts. However, these statistics have dropped from a high of 59, to a low of 50.8 in the year 2011. This is encouraging because it shows that the fear of crime has reduced, and this could be attributed to the facts that criminal offences have reduced, and the public safety is en sured. For those who are in full time education, in the town, the story is different because the fear tends to escalate drastically. Another record worth taking note of is the means that people use to travel to the city center. Those who travel by motor cycle are the least fearful of the group, but statistics still shows that the fear of crime has increased, although it is still lower than other means of transport (Oc and Tiesdell, 2001). Those who travel by means of vehicles, that is by bus or personal cars. This shows that these people experience a high rate of crime, therefore they fear for their property and lives. Those who go to school at the city center have the most fear of crime. This was equated to crimes committed in school like bullying, being beaten up and harassment from their fellow students. An exceptionally large number of people are aware of the availability of CCTV in public areas within the town. This gives them the sense of security, since they believe that ther e safety is assured and do not have to fear. It was also reported that some of the crimes committed include vandalism, graffiti, antisocial behavior. Table 2 Table two shows the reported experience of victimization in percentage, in the years 2007 to 2012. The levels of personal victimization are reviewed in the table, and from

Hopes and Dreams of the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hopes and Dreams of the United States - Essay Example I desired to pursue further studies and I hope that education be given the first priority by every family in America without any concern about the finances and avoid home schooling. The lifestyle of those employed and unemployed is no different but some people believe that immigrants lessens their opportunity to get a job, I hope that this misconception be cleared as it only depends upon the qualification of the person. Since age’s race has played a major role in America differentiating Blacks and Whites, even today there is certain differentiation seen in the society we live. There are certain incidents to portray the discrimination like airlines security check or crime investigation where blacks would be the first to be targeted rather than whites, I hope to see that the discrimination is totally vanished and all are provided with equal rights. Health care concerns have been going on for a long time majority affecting the poor and middle class families but until today there isnt any proper solution to the problem, I hope that proper health care needs are provide to every person. The concerns about mortgage has increased as banks started to issue loans to people with poor credit history leading to overall depression, I wish the situation stabilizes making it easy to buy a house of my dreams. My hopes and dreams for United States of America lies in attaining happiness, peace, health, educati on, family, wealth, jobs and never the less love put together in harmony which might differ from every other person who possess different aspirations and

Test for Glucose Control Treatment

Test for Glucose Control Treatment Introduction Carbohydrate forms the principle source of energy. Usually polysaccharide (starch and glycogen) which are glucose units joined by a-glucosidic links and disaccharides (sucrose and lactose) the main dietary carbohydrate. Carbohydrate absorption must be presented to the intestinal epithelium in monosaccharide from mainly glucose and therefore digestion must precede absorption. Glucose gained a significant importance because brain cells are very dependent on it as it is sole source of energy supply. Red blood cells also depend on glucose to carry out their functions. Therefore the blood glucose concentration must be maintained within relative narrow range. After a carbohydrate-containing meal, glucose is transported in the portal blood to the liver, which takes up 60% of the glucose load. Consequently, a rise in the blood glucose concentration causes the release of insulin which will increase the entry of excess glucose into the liver where it is stored in form of glycogen. The normal plasma glucose concentration remains between 4.5 and 11 mmol/L, despite the intermittent load entering the body from the gastrointestinal tract. The maintenance of plasma glucose concentration below 11 mmol/L minimizes loss from the body as well as providing the optimal supply to the brain. Mayne, (1994). All the filtered glucose through glomeruli is reabsorbed in the proximal tubules. Therefore no glucose should be detected in urine; significant glycosuria occurs if the plasma glucose concentration exceeds 11 mmol/L. The two most important hormones in glucose homoeostasis are insulin and glucagon. Insulin is a 53 amino acid polypeptide, secreted by the ÃŽ ²-cells in the islet langerhans of the pancreas in response to a rise in the blood glucose concentration. Insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis and inhibits glycogenolysis through interaction with an exquisitely coordinated control mechanism that is central to the regulation of blood glucose concentration. Glucagon is a 29 amino acid polypeptide secreted by the ÃŽ ±-cells of the pancreatic islet. Its secretion is decreased by a rise in the blood glucose concentration. The action of glucagon is opposite those of insulin. It stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis through activation of glycogen phosphorylase, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and ketogenesis. Marshell, (2000). The world health organization (WHO) defined diabetes on the basis of laboratory findings as a fasting venous plasma glucose concentration greater than 7.8 mmol/L and greater than 11.1 mmol/L two hours after the oral ingestion of the equivalent of 75g of glucose even the fasting concentration is normal. Mayne, (1994). Diabetes mellitus classified in two types; insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM type-1) where there is a defective insulin secretion. This condition presents in childhood or early adulthood (less than 20 years). Because of insulin deficiency, hyperglycaemia is very likely to occur. As a result glucose will leak to urine (glycosuria) because the plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal threshold (10 mmol/l). Other consequences related to this condition are polyuria (frequent urination), glucose lost in urine draw water with it by osmosis producing osmotic diuresis characterized by polyuria. The excess fluid lost from the body leads to dehydration and thirst which is a c ompensatory mechanism to counteract the dehydration. One of severe metabolic complication that may occur in this condition is ketoacidosis; there is increased lipid and protein breakdown, enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis and impaired glucose into cells. Marshall, (2000). In this condition insulin doses are required for the treatment. The causes of the type I diabetes can be an autoimmune where the islet cell antibodies react specifically with the ÃŽ ²-cells, or viral infection that destroy the ÃŽ ²-cells of pancreatic islet. Individual with certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types have been shown to carry a particular high risk of developing type I diabetes. In type II diabetes, non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), obesity is the biggest risk factor, 90% of type II diabetes are obese and it is occurs in the late onset. In this condition ÃŽ ²-cells of islet langerhans are normal which means that there will be a normal insulin concentration and sometimes high in the blood. Also the sensitivity of insulins target cells reduced. The cause of reduced remains elusive, recent research suggest that adipose tissue cells secrete a hormone known as resistin, which interfere with insulin action in experimental animal. This could be an important link between obesity and insulin resistance. Resistin is distinct from leptin, the hormone secreted by adipose cells that plays a role in controlling food intake. (Kumar Clark, 2002). Treatment of this condition by dietary control and weight loss, exercise, sometimes oral hypoglycaemic drugs required. Other conditions can lead to Diabetes Mellitus such as absolute insulin deficiency due to a pancreatic disease (chronic pancreatitis, haemochromatosis, cystic fibrosis). Relative insulin deficiency, can cause diabetes mellitus due to excessive growth hormone, glucocorticoid secretion, or increased plasma glucocorticoid concentration due to administration of steroids. Also drugs like thiazide diuretics can cause diabetes mellitus. Mayne, (1994). Materials and method Please refer to medical biochemistry practical book (BMS2). Result: The equation obtained fro the calibration curve used to calculate the concentration of glucose in plasma. Y = 0.018 X Where y = absorbance x = glucose concentration Patient 1: P (fasting) = 0.078 / 0.018 = 4.3 mmol/L P (2hrs) = 0.105 / 0.018 = 5.8 mmol/L Patient 2: P (fasting) = 0.113 / 0.018 = 6.2 mmol/L P (2hrs) = 0.105 / 0.018 = 8.3 mmol/L Patient 3 P (fasting) = 0.148 / 0.018 = 8.2 mmol/L P (2hrs) = 0.264 / 0.018 = 14.6 mmol/L Conclusion: Patient 1 is normal Patient 2 has normal fasting glucose level and high value after 2 hours (9.6 mmol/l), so this patient must be retested before diagnosis. Patient 3 is diabetic Discussion The glucose calibration graph showed a good linearity which means that Beers Lambert law is obeyed and the results are accurate. In glucose tolerance test (GTT) the patient is asked to eat normally in the three days leading up to the test and to be fasting for at least 12 hours. At the end of time the patient is asked to collect urine sample and blood sample is collected. After that, the patient drinks 75g of glucose in 300 ml of water within 5 minutes. After 2 hours, the patient is asked to collect anther urine sample and blood sample is collected. Normally when the patient is fasting, the glucose level should be < 5.5 mmol/L and there is no glucose in urine. After the patient is given the sugar, the glucose level in the blood will increase, but in the normal person the glucose concentration should go back to normal within 2 hours and no glucose can be detected in urine. What is happening in the normal person after given glucose is that insulin is produced in high concentration, the glucose is converted into glycogen and then the glycogen is stored in the liver. Finally, insulin concentration also decreases t o normal concentration. Whereas, in the diabetic patient the glucose level stays high because the insulin is insufficient, not produced or present but not functioning due to a defect in the ÃŽ ²-cells of pancreas. In normal condition, the filtered glucose is completely reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. In Diabetes Mellitus the blood glucose is much above the renal threshold (11 mmol/L), reabsorption becomes saturated and it starts to appear in urine. The presence of glucose in urine is called glucosuria. Glucosuria results in osmatic diuresis that increase water excretion and raises the plasma osmolarity, which in turn stimulates the thirst centre. Osmatic diuresis and theist cause classical signs and symptoms of polyuria (large volume of urine) and polydipsia (excessive thirst). In patient-1, fasting blood glucose (4.3 mmol/L) is within the normal range and no glucose in urine. After 2 hours the blood glucose level is 5.8 mmol/L, which is below 7.8 mmol/L and no glucose in the urine. These mean that this patient is normal. In patient-2, fasting blood glucose is within the normal range and no glucose in urine. After 2 hours the blood glucose level is 8.3 mmol/L which is slightly high but it is within the normal range of impaired glucose tolerance (7.8- 11.1 mmol/l), whereas urine glucose is negative. This means that this patient must be retested before ending to diagnosis of impaired glucose or any other diagnosis. Many people with impaired glucose tolerance progress to develop diabetes, but this condition can be prevented with adoption of a diabetic-type diet and weight loss (if overweight). Whitby, G, et al, (1988). Patient-3 has high fasting blood glucose level (8.2 mmol/L), and in the urine the glucose is not detected. After 2 hours the glucose concentration did not reduce and it went higher up to 14.6 mmol/L. in addition to that, the urine dipstick showed very strong positive reaction (4+), which indicate that this patient is diabetic. In this patient the glucose concentration was high before the sugar was given. This means that there is a defect in insulin secretion which can not breakdown the glucose and bring to the normal level. The high blood glucose level was due to glycogenolysis, gluconeogesis or high glucose intake. Therefore, this patient may have type-1 Diabetes Mellitus. Questions: What facts should be taken in account when interpreting the results of glucose tolerance test? The facts are: Patient should eat normal diet within 3 days before doing the test. The diet should contain at least 250g of carbohydrate. Patient should be fast over night at least 10-12 hours and does not eat during the test. The 75g of glucose should be dissolved in 300 ml of water and then ask the patient to drink it within 5 minutes after collection of fasting blood sample. A pregnant woman should be given less than 75g of glucose as it may affect the baby. If the amount of glucose given is less than recommended, it will affect the result as the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is standardized procedure. Patient should rest through the test; smoking is not permitted; drink of water is allowed. Blood sample should be collected in container that contains sodium fluoride to inhibit glycolysis. The patient must consult the health care provider if he/she is using medication that can interfere with the test result includes Thiazide diuretics (e.g. hydrochorothiazide), beta-blockers (e.g. prpanolol) oral contraceptive and some psychiatric drugs. There are interfering factors that affect OGTT. There are acute stresses for example, from surgery or infection, and vigorous exercise. Blood glucose rise with age and their renal threshold is increased. Time of sample collection is important (morning). The method we used employed glucose oxidase- name 2 other methods for glucose estimation and describe the principles used. Ortho-toluidine method (mono step): glucose reacts with ortho-toluidine in hot acidic medium to form a green coloured complex. The intensity of the final colour produced is directly proportional to concentration of glucose in the sample. UV-kinetic method: This method also measures the concentration of glucose. The reagent contains ATP, hexokinase, NADP and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzme in ethanol amine buffer (PH 7.5). Why HbA1c a better guide to long term diabetes control than glucose? The determination of plasma and urine glucose provides information about the metabolic status only at the moment. Long term control of glucose can be obtained with relative ease by measuring the amount of particular haemoglobin fraction in red blood cells. The glucose enters the red blood cells and binds the haemoglobin to a very small extent. Although some of the glucose diffuse from the haemoglobin due to formation of covalent bond, but some of the glucose will react with a particular amino acid in the haemoglobin protein. The haemoglobin/glucose complex has different chemical properties from the haemoglobin, thus it can be separated chromatographic or electrophoresis technique. The estimation of Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) depends on the mean plasma glucose concentration and the life span of red blood cells (RBCs). The normal level of non-diabetic is < 6%. Also because it depends on the plasma glucose concentration, HbA1c in diabetic patient tend to be increased over the prev ious 1- months. The extent of elevation of HbA1c indicates the overall degree of blood glucose control; in poorly controlled diabetes it may rise as high as 25%. Whitby, (1998). So the higher percentage of HbA1c indicates more glucose bound to haemoglobin and hence poor control of diabetic. Subsequently this test is used to asses the quality of the long term control of blood glucose in diabetic patient. Also it examines the patient faithfulness with which he/she followed the health care instruction and the effectiveness of the medication prescribed for treatment.

Conflict Between Efficiency and Sense of :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Conflict Between Efficiency and Sense of "Ludus" ABSTRACT: Efficiency is a highly considered virtue, especially in our contemporary technological society. It appears to be opposed to the sense of ludus (playfulness) that is greatly valued in Brazilian culture. Is this conflict real? Is it a definite impediment to modernization? This paper deals with this apparent conflict of values, trying to find a way toward a harmonious integration of them. Efficiency is shown as the virtue of a culture turned toward modernity. It is therefore highly prized in contemporary business administration theories. It is also shown that the whole of modern society is oriented toward technological advance and it consequently tends to value efficiency above all other values. Considering other values found in different cultures, there needs to be a better knowledge of them. This study establishes ludus as a typical value of Brazilian culture. An analogy is drawn between the sense of playfulness described and praised by Brazilian authors, and the sense of de tachment from technology proposed by Jacques Ellus as a condition for creating a real civilization with technological progress. Efficiency is a value highly considered, particularly in our contemporary technological society. It is apparently opposed to the sense of "ludus" that is greatly valued in Brazilian culture. "Ludus" comes from the Latin word meaning playfulness. Is the conflict between efficiency and sense of "ludus" a real conflict? Is it a definite impediment to technological development? This paper intends to show that the conflict is in fact apparent, the values being contrary and not contradictory. There is a way of integrating them. Efficiency is highly prized in a culture turned toward productivity. It is therefore cultivated in contemporary business administration theories. It also tends to be prized above all other values in modern society, as society is more and more oriented toward technological advancement. On the other hand, Brazilian writers have time and again described and praised the value of a sense of "ludus", playfulness, therefore indicating that it is a value of their own culture. It might be said that a strong sense of playfulness, "ludus", would be an impediment towards fully entering modern society and assimilating modern values. To solve the problem, an analogy is drawn between the sense of playfulness, "ludus", described and praised by Brazilian authors, and the sense of detachment proposed by Jacques Ellul as a condition for bringing about real civilization with technological progress. Thus, a claim is made that a "ludical" sense, rather than being an impediment to modernization, is a way to overcome the dangers of uncritical technological development. Conflict Between Efficiency and Sense of :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays Conflict Between Efficiency and Sense of "Ludus" ABSTRACT: Efficiency is a highly considered virtue, especially in our contemporary technological society. It appears to be opposed to the sense of ludus (playfulness) that is greatly valued in Brazilian culture. Is this conflict real? Is it a definite impediment to modernization? This paper deals with this apparent conflict of values, trying to find a way toward a harmonious integration of them. Efficiency is shown as the virtue of a culture turned toward modernity. It is therefore highly prized in contemporary business administration theories. It is also shown that the whole of modern society is oriented toward technological advance and it consequently tends to value efficiency above all other values. Considering other values found in different cultures, there needs to be a better knowledge of them. This study establishes ludus as a typical value of Brazilian culture. An analogy is drawn between the sense of playfulness described and praised by Brazilian authors, and the sense of de tachment from technology proposed by Jacques Ellus as a condition for creating a real civilization with technological progress. Efficiency is a value highly considered, particularly in our contemporary technological society. It is apparently opposed to the sense of "ludus" that is greatly valued in Brazilian culture. "Ludus" comes from the Latin word meaning playfulness. Is the conflict between efficiency and sense of "ludus" a real conflict? Is it a definite impediment to technological development? This paper intends to show that the conflict is in fact apparent, the values being contrary and not contradictory. There is a way of integrating them. Efficiency is highly prized in a culture turned toward productivity. It is therefore cultivated in contemporary business administration theories. It also tends to be prized above all other values in modern society, as society is more and more oriented toward technological advancement. On the other hand, Brazilian writers have time and again described and praised the value of a sense of "ludus", playfulness, therefore indicating that it is a value of their own culture. It might be said that a strong sense of playfulness, "ludus", would be an impediment towards fully entering modern society and assimilating modern values. To solve the problem, an analogy is drawn between the sense of playfulness, "ludus", described and praised by Brazilian authors, and the sense of detachment proposed by Jacques Ellul as a condition for bringing about real civilization with technological progress. Thus, a claim is made that a "ludical" sense, rather than being an impediment to modernization, is a way to overcome the dangers of uncritical technological development.

Essay --

Taylor Sakamoto AP/IB English 3 IB Paper P.6 In the novel Woman at Point Zero the author, Nawal El Saadawi, retells the life story of Firdaus, the main character, a tragic hero who rebels against the social norms within her oppressive culture seeking the same respect and prestige that is bestowed upon her male oppressors, only to be executed for her attempt to obtain the same privileges as men. This essay will demonstrate how the aspects and expectations of Egyptian culture influence Firdaus’s decisions as she struggles to be her own woman in a society controlled by dictatorial political and patriarchal structures all while exposing the evident discontentment she has with the way Egyptian society views women, and the glorification of things that go against ideal societal structures. Firdaus’s culture shapes her to become the resilient and insubordinate woman she is when she tells Saadawi her story. She starts out having a happy childhood where her mother lovingly cared for her. She describes her mother’s eyes as undefined by color nor shape but states that her mother’s eyes â€Å"were eyes that [she] watched. They were eyes that watched [her]. Even when [she] disappeared from their view, they could see [her], and follow [her] wherever [she] went, so that if [she] faltered while learning to walk, they would hold [her] up† (page 15). This fairly intimate descriptions of eyes, demonstrates how in Egyptian culture eye contact is very important as it conveys a sense of closeness as well as power; the way Firdaus’s mother watches out for her establishes that her family was indeed close knit and played a huge role early on in her life because the eyes that seem to always be present, would guide her to conform to society’s stand ards. The des... ...n as westernization occurs. Woman at Point Zero, written by Nawal El Saadawi, effectively rebels and defies the tyrannical administrative and male-controlled structures that are meant to oppress women in Egypt. This novel does this by telling of Firdaus’s bold life, the blatant dissatisfaction with the way her culture attempts to reduce the importance of women by objectifying them to nothing more than domestic servants, and the glorification of things that go against their customary values. Through her struggles, she becomes her own woman, and ultimately dying for her belief that she is inferior to no man in the process. This discontentment and glorification are made very evident throughout this novel as she disregards the cultural standards that Egyptian society expects her to uphold; and seem to be intertwined within Firdaus’s story on almost every single page.

My Daily Activity

My Daily Activities Every Monday until Friday, I wake up at 5. 00 A. M. I press the snooze button two times every morning before I turn off the alarm and get up. I perform my morning routine of washing my face, and brushing my teeth. After that, I usually read for the next lesson. After time show at 5:30 A. M, immediately I start to worship until 5:30 A. M. The next activity I do breakfast. I usually buy cereal with fruits or hot poridge.I always eat breakfast every day, because if I do not eat breakfast, I always feel headache. After breakfast, I take my shower. After my shower, I get dressed. Before I going to campus, I usually clean up my bedroom, sweep floor, and tidy up my desk. I go to campus by public transportation but sometimes join with my friend’s vehicle. Usually, I study at campus until 12:30 P. M. Sometimes if there are two class schedules, I usually go back to my temporary house just for relax and lunch.Then, after having lunch I return to my campus and continue with skills lab until 4:00 P. M. I usually go home at 4. 15 PM, after that I start to do the assignment which given by lectures. When the evening is gone and it is night, I have some time to watch the TV entertainment and preparing to go Briton’s for English Course. I take 30 minutes to go Briton and I learning in there 1 hour and 30 minutes . After that, I go back home. I usually manage to go to bed around 9. 0 PM. That’s all what I do in every Monday and Friday. And on weekends, on Saturday, I go to Church. On Sunday mornings, I get up later than usual. Then I often go shopping downtown with my friends. Sometimes we go for a picnic in the countryside or doing something activites. On rainy Sundays, I stay at home reading books, listening to music and ometimes I practice my listening skill or browsing Internet with my computer. I am quite happy with my daily activities. ^^b