Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Essay on The Stop, Question, and Frisk
Essay on The Stop, Question, and Frisk Essay on The Stop, Question, and Frisk Essay on The Stop, Question, and FriskThe issue regarding the Stop, Question, and Frisk program has been wildly discussed in academic literature and the mass media sources. The Stop, Question, and Frisk practiced in New York City by the City Police Department stands for the legal procedure, which requires stop and question thousands of people, as well as frisk them for weapons, drugs and other contraband. In fact, the Stop, Question, and Frisk practices are based on the established laws and regulations that can be found in the Section 140.50 of the New York State Criminal Procedure Law. According to statistical data regarding stop, question and frisk practices, in 2011, 684,330 people were stopped, the majority of them were African-Americans or Latinos (Devereaux, 2012). In this paper, the controversial issues about the Stop, Question, and Frisk practices will be investigated. It is hypothesized that the Stop, Question, and Frisk program fosters racial profiling and leads to discrim ination toward African Americans and Latinos. The following eleven literature reviews attempt to demonstrate the hypothesis and provide comprehensive support for it.           In the newspaper article by Ryan Devereaux (2012), several important questions were discussed in relation to the Stop, Question, and Frisk practices. It has been found that in 2011, 684,330 people were stopped, and the majority of them were African-Americans or Latinos (Devereaux, 2012). This fact means the overwhelming majority of people stopped by the police were the people of color. Besides, the Stop, Question, and Frisk practices foster distrust toward the police in African American and Latino communities. Many young people have the sense of fear caused by the police stop-and-frisks.           In the article by Michael M. Grynbaum and Marjorie Connelly, the New York’s stop, question, and frisk policy has been criticized because it a llows the police to detain any person they find suspicious. Although that policy has been put in practice in order to succeed in combating violent crimes, today there is much evidence that it promotes racial profiling. It has been found that â€Å"a significant majority of New Yorkers say the Police Department favors whites over blacks, according to a new poll by The New York Times†(Grynbaum Connelly, 2012, p.1).           Another researcher and journalist, Joseph Goldsteinsept supports the position of the previous authors. He has found that in eastern Brooklyn, many young people try to avoid clasping hands when greeting each other in the street because they are â€Å"fearful that their grasp might be mistaken for a drug deal and invite a search by the police†(Goldsteinsept, 2014, p.1).           In the study conducted by David Weisburd and colleagues (2014), special attention is paid to the role of policing practices in the New York crime decline. The researchers highlight the impact of innovations implemented in the New York police strategies. It has been found that the New York City Police Department (NYPD) has contributed to the crime drop in the area over the last years. They examined the data on crime and stop, question and frisks policy implementation in order to prove the fact that the stop, question and frisks practices are â€Å"concentrated at crime hot spots†(Weisburd et al., 2014, p. 129). The researchers raise concerns regarding possible negative effects of the stop, question and frisks practices.           In the article by David A. Harris (1995), the cases of the stop, question and frisks allow the police to conduct searches and seizures in the streets, making the police officers act without any probable cause. This article shows that the policy requires balancing the interests of the police and private interests.           In the study conducted by Andrew Gelmana and colleagues (2007), there is much evidence that the â€Å"police stop persons of racial and ethnic minority groups more often than whites relative to their proportions in the population†(p. 813). Researchers support the ideas of previous authors that persons of African and Hispanic descent face discrimination as they are stopped, questioned and frisked more frequently than white people.           One more article that criticizes the stop, question and frisks policy is the article by Christopher Mathias. A report on NYPD stop, question and frisks policy calls for a comprehensive internal audit. One of the benefits is the â€Å"the effectiveness of stop and frisk†in the prevention of carrying guns on the street (Mathias, 2012). However, the author states that there are more weaknesses than strengths of this policy. People who face these practices point o ut to the fact that â€Å"many stops are unconstitutional†(Mathias, 2012, p. 1). This fact means that many stops lack the proper justification. Innocent people suffer from injustices and violation of human rights.           At the same time, there are many proponents of the stop, question and frisks policy. The article written by Joseph Ferrandino (2010) provides a comprehensive analysis of the policy, placing emphasis on the benefits of the stop, question and frisks practices. The analysis of New York Police Department (NYPD) stop and frisk practices has been focused on its equity and effectiveness, including technical efficiency. This research reflects the police efficiency, setting the foundation for future investigation of the existing models as well as the outcomes resulting from frisks.           In the article by Jeffrey Fagan and colleagues (2011), the discussion of the positive and negative conseque nces of New York City’s modern policing strategies helps to assess the necessity of making an analysis of stop and frisk. The researchers states that stop, question and frisk practice was an â€Å"essential feature, perhaps the most important and active ingredient, in the regime of Order Maintenance Policing (OMP) that began in New York City in 1994†(Fagan, 2011, p. 1). In fact, the research is based on highlighting the fairness of the practice as the central motive of the reactions of people from different ethnic backgrounds, including Whites, African-Americans, and Hispanics to experiences with the police. It has been found that all people want the police to act fairly in relation to minorities.           Besides, in the article by Kevin Buckler and George E. Higgins (2014), special attention is paid to the existing perceived injustice and crime policy preference. The aggressiveness of the policy influence racial and ethnic differen ces in perceptions of residents, but the stop-and-frisk practices are effective at â€Å"reducing violent crime and gun offenses†(Buckler Higgins, 2014, p. 22). The research provides an analysis of the key findings, which contribute to the implementation of the policy in the future. Moreover, the implications for future research are discussed.           Finally, in Fallon’s article, the stop, question and frisk policy is assessed as effective, although it challenges constitutional rights mentioned in the Fourth Amendment. There is a necessity to update the policy in some way, adding the force of law and limiting the ability of the police officers to make adequate policy decisions, without discrimination (Fallon, 2013).           Thus, it is necessary to conclude that the issue regarding the Stop, Question, and Frisk program remains a controversial issue, although the literature reviews provided in th is paper point out many positive effects of the policy on society in general and each citizen in particular.
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Biography and Profile of Charles Lyell
Biography and Profile of Charles Lyell Learn more about famous geologist Charles Lyells life and his contributions to the Theory of Evolution. Early Life and Education: Born November 14, 1797 - Died February 22, 1875 Charles Lyell was born on November 14, 1797, in the Grampian Mountains near Forfarshire, Scotland. When Charles was only two years old, his parents relocated to Southampton, England near where his mothers family lived. Since Charles was the oldest of ten children in Lyell family, his father spent a lot of time helping to educate Charles in the sciences, and particularly nature. Charles spent many years in and out of expensive private schools but was said to prefer wandering and learning from his father. At the age of 19, Charles went off to Oxford to study mathematics and geology. He spent vacations from school traveling and making astute observations of geological formations. Charles Lyell graduated, with honors, with a Bachelors of Art in Classics in 1819. He continued his education and received a Masters of Art in 1821. Personal Life Instead of pursuing his love of Geology, Lyell moved to London and became a lawyer. However, his eyesight began to worsen as time went on and he eventually turned to Geology as a full-time career. In 1832, he married Mary Horner, the daughter of a colleague in the Geological Society of London. The couple had no children but instead spent their time traveling all over the world as Charles observed the Geology and wrote his field changing works. Charles Lyell was knighted and later bestowed with the title of Baronet. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. Biography Even while practicing law, Charles Lyell was actually doing more Geology than anything. His fathers wealth allowed him to travel and write instead of practicing law. He published his first scientific paper in 1825. Lyell was planning to write a book with radical new ideas for Geology. He set out to prove that all geologic processes were due to natural events rather than supernatural events. Up until his time, the formation and processes of the Earth were attributed to God or another higher being. Lyell was one of the first to propose these processes actually happened very slowly, and that the Earth was extremely ancient rather than the few thousand years old most Bible scholars purposed. Charles Lyell found his evidence when studying Mt. Etna in Italy. He returned to London in 1829 and wrote his most famous work Principles of Geology. The book included a large amount of data and very detailed explanations. He did not finish revisions on the book until 1833 after several more trips to get more data. Perhaps the most important idea to come out of Principles of Geology is Uniformitarianism. This theory states that all the natural laws of the universe that are in existence now existed at the beginning of time and all changes happened slowly over time and added up to larger changes. This was an idea that Lyell had first gotten from works by James Hutton. It was seen as the opposite of Georges Cuviers catastrophism. After finding much success with his book, Lyell headed to the United States to lecture and gather more data from the North American continent. He made many trips to the Eastern United States and Canada throughout the 1840s. The trips resulted in two new books, Travels in North America and A Second Visit to the United States in North America. Charles Darwin was greatly influenced by Lyells ideas of a slow, natural change of geological formations. Charles Lyell was an acquaintance of Captain FitzRoy, the captain of the HMS Beagle on Darwins voyages. FitzRoy gave Darwin a copy of Principles of Geology, which Darwin studied as they traveled and he collected data for his works. However, Lyell was not a firm believer in evolution. It wasnt until Darwin published On the Origin of Species that Lyell began to adopt the idea that species change over time. In 1863, Lyell wrote and published ​The Geological Evidence of the Antiquity of Man which combined Darwins Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection and his own ideas rooted in Geology. Lyells staunch Christianity was apparent in his treatment of the Theory of Evolution as a possibility, but not a certainty.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Racial definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Racial definition - Essay Example Biologically race can be human groupings with physical differences. But if such differences trigger preconceived notions about certain groupings then this is racial ideology. This defines the social concept of race. According to them race is "a pre-eminently sociohistorical concept. Racial categories and the meaning of race.. have varied tremendously over time and between different societies." (Omi, Michael and Winant, Howard. Page 287) Race today is "assumed to be a variable which is shaped by broader societal forces." The concept varies from society to society. 'Blacks' in the contemporary British politics refer to all non-whites. In the United States 'havin' a little Negra blood' makes one non-white. Biological definition and social concept of race do make a lot of difference. Omi and Winant distinguish them as "natural" and "common sense." Having a particular skin tone or hair is one's racial identity, but branding him or her as black or Hispianic or white is racial ideology.
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Cause and Effect Essay. Ill put topics in the instruction box and you Essay
Cause and Effect . Ill put topics in the instruction box and you may pick one - Essay Example Fast foods include Barbecue sause, chicken, nuggets, burgers, pizza, sandwich, pasties, and other common as well as popular brands (Dundes, Lauren and Swann 154). Evidently, there are various causes and effects of junk foods as demonstrated by research. It is almost impossible to explain the certain shift in consumption pattern; however, according to experts several drivers initiate the existence of fast foods. Among the youth and working class pressure from their environment has been a leading factor (Coulston, Rock, and Elaine 112). Evidently, many students engage in various activities ranging from studies and extra-carriculum. Notably, they have limited time to prepare healthy food instead resorting to buying fast foods. The situation is same to the working environment who have no ability to balance between work and food (Hertzler, Ann A., Webb, Ryland and Frary 52). In response, employees carry fast foods or drop into fast food restaurants. Apart from the tight schedule, advertisement techniques used by fast food restaurants have made it impossible to avoid their products. The soothing sight and imagined taste always arouse people to try the discoveries hence the continued use of fast foods. Most importantly, the use of fast fo ods continues to thrive because of influence from friends or parents. The effects of eating fast foods are evident from every corner of the world. The food rich in sugar, fat and calories affect health and normal operations. In as much as freshly harvested foods may also have the mentioned elements, it is important to note that the diverse effects exhibited in fast foods out ways the limited effects of fresh food (Schlosser 80). Obesity is one serious effect of fast food that has forced the world to look for solutions instead of analysing the causes. The complication arising from too much fat in the body lead to increased weight, which might also attract complications such as high blood
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Magnificent play Essay Example for Free
Magnificent play Essay Language is extremely powerful in The Crucible. Millers words are used effectively and do not include anything unnecessary to convey the idea. For instance, She thinks to dance with me on my wifes grave. And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whores vengeance and you must see it, I set myself entirely in your hands. This quote consists of simple speech and tells a straightforward message. Proctor knows his mistake and regrets it, but he also knows he must reveal it to the court in order to stop the trials. Another example of a powerful quote is A person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between. This quote is very effective in a way Danforth is telling everyone their fate. He is saying those against the court are evil and will suffer the consequences for it, presumably death. he tells everyone in favour of the witch trials that they are victorious and have nothing to worry about if they carry on as they are doing. The theme of this play I believe is a very interesting one. In my opinion The Crucible is about rising over adversity, standing for the truth even to the death. there are many examples in the play to support my opinion. John in the beginning wanted to keep distant from the trials, he didnt want to have a part whether good or bad, but when Elizabeth was arrested he was forced to take part. Throughout the trial, he stood for the truth. He confessed to his affair and was forgiven for his sin. He died a hero learning what truth really meant through his sufferings and struggles. there is also a great deal of hysteria in this play. The villages people were easily manipulated by Abigails lies and came to quick poorly judged conclusions, which lead to killing a great many innocent people. Act 3 is very strong most of the main things are revealed such as the courts verdict, who is right and who is wrong, who will win and who will die. It is an extremely gripping part of the play, telling how Proctor was so close to victory (through his confession and Mary Warren) yet he still defeated by the envy of Abigail, or rather the loyalty of Elizabeth and the fearful Mary warren. He knows he will die but he also knows he has a chance of stopping this fate yet because of his decency Proctor decides he would rather face death than bring trouble upon his friends and everlasting shame upon his family. I also noticed that in act 3 the three main sides are shown clearly. The power hungry stand together, those full of jealousy, greed, hate and lust join and those who are willing to sacrifice themselves for the truth unite. The people in this play may have had different motives for accusing other people, and practically sentencing them to death, but the outcome of all accusations was more or less the same. Innocent people died and there was more than one person to lay the blame on. In almost every conflict, there is someone or some people to hold responsible. In this case, it was Abigail for her manipulative nature, the Putnams for their greed, Mary Warren for being weak-willed and Rev. Parris for craving power. It makes one wonder how such a diminutive act of young girls could lead to such destruction of a community. How could innocent people be sentenced to death simply because some girls were playing and dancing? This is the power of religion and the annihilation it can cause if people refuse to tolerate any other explanation and follow it blindly. The Crucible is a magnificent play, superbly written conveying one simple message. It is better stand for the truth and sacrifice yourself than to live with a lie. It reminds us that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. However, even with these mistakes, we can cleanse ourselves and purify ourselves by making what is wrong right.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Love Story in Terry Kay’s To Dance With the White Dog and in the Movie O :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays
Love Story in Terry Kay’s To Dance With the White Dog and in the Movie O In the movie â€Å"O†, Desi and Odin, the main characters, share an unstable relationship due to their juvenile romance. The young couple struggle to support and trust one another throughout the movie. They must also deal with the lies and betrayal of their close friend Hugo. Their budding romance can be compared in many ways to the fruitful relationship of Sam and Cora Peek, in Terry Kay’s novel, To Dance With The White Dog. Sam and Cora Peek’s relationship is one that withstands the trial of time. Although both relationships began in the same manner, there are vital differences between the two that drastically separate them from one another. There are many obstacles in the movie â€Å"O†that cause the ultimate failure of Desi and Odin. The young couple has trouble trusting one another because they are inexperienced and just beginning their relationship. There is little stability in Desi and Odin’s relationship partially due to the secretive way in which the couple must see one another. The lies of a close friend quickly make Odin doubt the loyalty of Desi and thus begin to tear apart the young lovers. Throughout the movie doubts and fears are instilled in Odin by his close friend, Hugo. It is these lies that quickly escalate into Odin’s belief of Desi’s betrayal. Ultimately Odin loves Desi so much he can not bear the thought of her with another man, nor can he bear the thought of a life without her. Odin’s irrational thoughts and impulsive nature destroy the love that Desi once harbored for Odin. The love of Odin and Desi is bittersweet in the end. Both of the young lovers die prematurely at the hands of Odin. The love of Odin and Desi is snuffed out due to their inexperienced youth, the pressures of society, and of their peer’s lies. The pressure of Desi’s father and his strong dislike of Odin also helps create doubt in Odin’s mind about Desi. The racial issues play a small role in Odin’s beliefs of Desi. Hugo points out to him that Desi is a white girl and white girls are sly. In To Dance With The White Dog, Sam and Cora Peek share a life long commitment.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Marijuana for Medical Purposes
Dear Mr. Ted Peetz I have read the essay you wrote, â€Å"Marijuana for Medical Purposes: Is It a Dopey Idea,†and I have found some mistakes that I want to help you fix! I am not writing this to bash your essay, but to help give you stronger examples. I want to help clear up and complete your thoughts before you further your essay. Furthermore, at the bottom of the first page in your essay you use the source of Jo Daily, the former police in San Francisco, who smokes illegally to help relieve her pain after chemotherapy.Jo Daily is not a good source for this topic. Anyone, and especially a police officer, should be following the law. Citizens look up to people like Jo Daily, but she is setting a very poor example as a law enforcement officer. On the second page and in the fourth paragraph, you recommend giving marijuana to kids underweight with AIDS to help increase their appetite and relieve the stress of pain. You should never mention kids and smoking because it would have a very negative effect on the crowd, especially parents, no matter how strong the argument is.You aimed towards pathos but it was not the best topic. At the beginning of your essay you started off with a quote. You should never have a quote stand alone in a paper. Instead, embed the quote into a sentence. By embedding the quote, you get your paper going immediately. If you do what you are trying to do, you are starting off your paper already very awkwardly. It's considered a fragmented and it’s less formal. It could also have a negative effect and turn the reader away from the very beginning. â€Å"Hey man, want some pot? is just going to make your paper sound like it is all about smoking pot and it really does not have a good relationship with the rest of the paper. In the first paragraph of the second page, you compare two incomparable subjects, marijuana and penicillin, and try to connect it by using pathos. There are really no resources saying that marijuana can cure but penicillin is used with many doctors to cure patients. Also, on the second page you share how Chris Woiderski would get relief from muscle spasms and pains associated with being a paraplegic.A paraplegic is someone who cannot feel pain from the waist down. Lastly, you thoroughly explained how legalizing marijuana can help the patients with chemotherapy, kids with AIDS, and pain and stress relief and I have yet to see a reliable sources for any of these arguments or any following up sentences to defend them. Your sources show positive outlooks on marijuana, but the online articles are only a page to a page long. There also needs to a different source than â€Å"Online High Times Magazine,†because their information is biased.
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)